10 Thinking Biases (or Cognitive Traps)

1. All-or-Nothing thinking: less than perfect is a total failure
2. Over-generalisation: “always” / “never”
3. Mental Filter: Picking out the single negative, dwelling exclusively on that

1. Discounting the Positive: Positive evidence “doesn’t count”
2. Jumping to Conclusions: without any evidence or data
3. Magnification: Exaggerating the problems, catastrophising
4. Emotional Reasoning: Negative emotions drive perception of facts
5. “Should” / “Ought” Statements: placing pressure of self-expectation
6. Labelling: “I made a mistake” becomes “I’m hopeless”
7. Personalisation and Blame: Circle of concern vs circle of influence